![]() Concrete Designers Manual by Charles Whitney and George Hool -1921.Concrete Engineer’s Handbook by George Hool -1918.Cassell’s Reinforced Concrete by Bernard E.Cyclopedia of Construction (Radford’s) – (Carpentry, Building and Architecture, based on the practical experience of a large staff of experts in actual construction works), volumes 1 to 12 -1909.Cyclopedia of Civil Engineering -American Technical School, 8 Volumes -1908.Taylor Sanford Thompson, 1st edition -1905, 2nd edition -1912, 3rd edition -1916 A Treatise on Concrete Plain and Reinforced by Frederick W.Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete -1963.Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete -1977.Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete -2002, 2005, 2008.American Concrete Institute -ACI DESIGN HANDBOOK, Special Publication (SP-17), circa 1997 and reapproved 2004.American Concrete Institute (ACI) Manual of Concrete Practice, six (6) volumes, 20.References – All Books below are on the Shelves of my Private/Personal Library for additional sources of information: If the manager, however, does not know something about THEORY of DESIGN, then the owner is taking a great chances. Therefore, It is ridiculous to say that working and drafting proposed projects in short period of time would suffice them to pretend they know the processes, methods of design. Hence, my viewpoint, reinforced concrete design has been continuously studied for one hundred fifty (150) years and/or one and one half century already since it was invented by Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. Since the mid-1950s, reinforced concrete design practice has made the transition from that based on elastic methods to the one based on strength. It influenced deeply from the Early Renaissance onward artist, thinkers and architects, engineers, among them Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564). He wrote the textbook De Architectura libri decem (Ten books on Architecture), the only complete treatise on architecture to survive from classical antiquity. “The WORKMEN are in a HURRY, the UNEDUCATED rather than the educated are in HIGHER FAVOR” and “ARCHITECTURE and ENGINEERING are professed by men, who have no knowledge even of carpenter’s trade.” Vitruvius expressed his feelings and complained that: In his textbook, quite humbly titled “On the Origin of all Things”, Vitruvius held forth on the fundamental behavior of building materials, and then presented his views about the nature of theory versus practice, Vitruvius suggestion that design engineers should have more construction experience, and vice versa. He specifies 1 part lime to 3 parts pozzolana for cements use in buildings. For the use of structural members, he recommended pozzolana, which were volcanic sand from the sandlike beds of Puteoli, brownish-yellow-gray in color near Naples and reddish brown at Rome. In his writings around 25 BC in Ten Books on Architecture distinguished types of aggregate appropriate for the preparations of lime mortars. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, Vitruvius, an Architect/Engineer during the golden age of Caesar Augustus (around 25 BC). and was not revived until eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (A. Although the Romans made cement – called Pozzolana – before Christ by mixing slaked lime with a volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius and used it to make concrete for building, the art was lost during the Dark Ages 5th century -15th century A.D. The average person thinks that concrete has been in common use for many centuries, but such is not the case.
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